The Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees relative to its orbital plane around the sun. This means that the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun for part of the year, and away from the sun for part of the year. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it receives more direct sunlight and the days are longer, which is why it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it receives less direct sunlight and the days are shorter, which is why it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Southern Hemisphere has opposite seasons to the Northern Hemisphere. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Earth’s tilt is the main cause of the seasons, but it is not the only factor. The Earth’s orbit around the sun is also slightly elliptical, which means that it is sometimes closer to the sun and sometimes farther away. This slight difference in distance does not have a major impact on the seasons, but it can make them a little bit warmer or colder than usual.
The Earth’s tilt is caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. The moon’s gravitational pull is stronger on the side of the Earth that is closest to it, which causes the Earth to bulge out slightly. This bulge creates a force that counteracts the Earth’s rotation, causing it to tilt. The sun’s gravitational pull also has a small effect on the Earth’s tilt.
The Earth’s seasons are a natural phenomenon that have been happening for billions of years. They are essential for life on Earth, as they help to distribute heat evenly around the planet. Without seasons, the Earth would be much colder in the winter and much hotter in the summer. This would make it difficult for many plants and animals to survive.