There are many theories about why humans have a sense of altruism. Here are some of the most common theories:
- Evolutionary theory: Evolutionary theory suggests that altruism evolved because it helped our ancestors to survive and reproduce. For example, if a person helps their child to survive, the child is more likely to survive and reproduce, which passes on the genes for altruism to the next generation.
- Kin selection theory: Kin selection theory is a specific type of evolutionary theory that suggests that we are more likely to be altruistic towards our relatives because we share genes with them. This means that helping our relatives is also helping ourselves, in a way.
- Social exchange theory: Social exchange theory suggests that we are more likely to be altruistic towards others who have been altruistic towards us in the past. This is because we expect that they will be more likely to help us in the future.
- Cognitive empathy theory: Cognitive empathy theory suggests that we are more likely to be altruistic towards others when we are able to understand and share their feelings. This is because we feel empathy for them, and we want to help them to feel better.
- Neurobiological theory: Neurobiological theory suggests that altruism is influenced by our brains. For example, the hormone oxytocin has been linked to altruism, and people with damage to the prefrontal cortex are less likely to be altruistic.
It is likely that all of these theories play a role in explaining why humans have a sense of altruism. Altruism is a complex behavior that is influenced by a variety of factors, including our genes, our upbringing, and our environment.
Here are some examples of altruistic behavior:
- Helping a stranger who is lost
- Donating to charity
- Volunteering your time to help others
- Sacrificing your own needs for the sake of others
Altruistic behavior is often seen as a positive thing, but it can also be costly. For example, if you help a stranger who is lost, you may lose time or money. However, most people believe that the benefits of altruism outweigh the costs.
Altruism is a complex behavior that is not fully understood. However, it is clear that it is an important part of what makes us human.